TERMS!!!!!!!!!!! ENLIGHTENMENT

Enlightenment-was a philosophical movement of the 18th century that used reason to scrutinized things that had been accepted previously brought about by humanitarian reforms. this time period was a time when people had conflicts between religion and their thoughts and people wanted proof and explainations for why things were.enlightenment had huge effects on the deveopment of the arts such as paintings,sculpture,architechure,music,literature, and it also effected development in science. as a result the absolute monarchy ended and many culteral advances occured.

Scientific Revolution-is the time when changes in thought,beliefe,and social changes
occured. also changes in all types of sciences occured in this time. 1550-1700 about the time between Nicholas Copernicus and Isacc Newton. also during the Scientific Revolution people started to reject other doctrines from previous times.

Copernicus-(1473-1543) was a mathematician and astronomer who thought that the universe revolved around the sun. Copernicus's heliocentric idea was the idea that the distances of the planets from the sun had a direct relationship to the size of their orbits. this idea was very controversial but it changed the way people looked at the world. This was the start of the Scientific Revolution.

John Locke-(1632-1704) was a British philosopher. he thought that using reason to try to grasp the truth, and determining the legitimate functions of institutions will promote human development for the individual and society both in respect to its material and spiritual welfare. Locke also wrote a variety of important political, religious and educational works.monarch. He also argued that people have rights like the right to life, liberty, and property, that have a foundation.

Montesquieu-made an account of the varying forms of government and of the causes that made them what they were and what advanced or disrupted their development. He used this to explain how governments might be saved from corruption. He saw total power as a large danger for any government not already a tyranny and fought that it could be prevented by a system where different branches had legislative, executive, and judicial power, and all those branches were held to the rule of law. This theory of distributing power had a huge impact on Liberal Political Theory and on the people who made the U.S. constitution.

Jean Jacques Rousseau-Born in 1712-1778.wo masterpieces the Social Contract and Emile dint bring him fame but people had oppositions against them and he had to go into exile. he was really into reason and wanted to argue history,society, and traditiion. he belived that man should go back to a more primative and natural state. in Social Contract he says that liberty comes to man from nature, and belongs to every associate of society as an inalienable right.

Voltaire-François-Marie d'Arouet (1694–1778) was a french writer and public activist who was somewhat a philosopher but he wrote as many stories andplays as he did phisosophical things. he defended a conception of natural science rather than what he thought was pointless philosophical meanings.

Thomas Paine-January 29, 1737. in 1776 he published common sense. because of his anti- monarchistic views he was considered an outlaw in England. he traveld with the Continental Army but wasnt that good at being a soldier. he was imprisoned in France untill 1802 when he returned back to America but because of his views he died without people on his side in 1809. though he died without anyone his works changed the way that people view the world and life.

Thomas Hobbes-the social contract theory isthe method of justifying political principles or arrangements by appeal to the agreement that would be made among suitably situated rational, free, and equal persons. he is best known for wanting an all powerful leader. more people like his political philosophy better than his moral becuase his moral philosophy was allitle to far out there. he was known for being one of the main people in Materialism. and his politcal philosophy is what he's known for.

Common Sense- this book written by Thomas Paine was a huge sucess among the colonies. it gave them reason to fight back at the British. he wrote it in a way that people would understand rather than alot of philosophy. in this book he talks about poitics and government i.e."Society in every state is a blessing, but Government, even in its best state, is but a necessary evil; in its worst state an intolerable one". this book changed the way the American people looked at the British and with out Paine writing this book we may have lost the war.